Le SIDA au Ghana (serveur d'exploration)

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Exploiting Patent Regulatory “Flexibilities” to Promote Access to Antiretroviral Medicines in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Identifieur interne : 000880 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000879; suivant : 000881

Exploiting Patent Regulatory “Flexibilities” to Promote Access to Antiretroviral Medicines in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Auteurs : Poku Adusei [Ghana]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:4D78D243BEA119E4E3368742674172C6D0948FAF

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has reached a crescendo in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA or Saharan region). This disease threatens to exterminate the human race in the Saharan region. The situation is further exacerbated by high prices of brand name antiretroviral medicines due to the prevailing international patent regime. And, attempts to promote the manufacture and import of generic versions of antiretroviral drugs are sometimes met with stiff resistance from pharmaceutical companies who own the patents. This article, therefore, seeks to examine the subject of patent regulation of antiretroviral drugs in the light of the threat posed by HIV/AIDS in SSA. It urges the exploitation of diverse patent regulatory mechanisms to promote access to antiretroviral drugs in the region worst hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Exploiting patent regulatory flexibilities implies the use of: negotiations, compulsory licensing mechanisms, public‐private partnerships, collaborative initiatives among regional economic blocs, increased drug‐pricing competition, and a rejection of TRIPS‐Plus obligations, among others, to procure relatively cheaper versions of antiretroviral medicines for persons infected with the virus. This will enable policy makers in the Sub‐Saharan region to respond more effectively to expand the capacities of HIV/AIDS‐affected persons and make them more productive. It will further save the healthcare systems in SSA from imminent collapse.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-1796.2010.00407.x


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Exploiting Patent Regulatory “Flexibilities” to Promote Access to Antiretroviral Medicines in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adusei, Poku" sort="Adusei, Poku" uniqKey="Adusei P" first="Poku" last="Adusei">Poku Adusei</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:4D78D243BEA119E4E3368742674172C6D0948FAF</idno>
<date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1747-1796.2010.00407.x</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/4D78D243BEA119E4E3368742674172C6D0948FAF/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000615</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000615</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000615</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000102</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000102</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1422-2213:2011:Adusei P:exploiting:patent:regulatory</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000883</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000880</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000880</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main">Exploiting Patent Regulatory “Flexibilities” to Promote Access to Antiretroviral Medicines in Sub‐Saharan Africa</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adusei, Poku" sort="Adusei, Poku" uniqKey="Adusei P" first="Poku" last="Adusei">Poku Adusei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country>Ghana</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">The Journal of World Intellectual Property</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1422-2213</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1747-1796</idno>
<imprint>
<biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="20">20</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">20</biblScope>
<publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher>
<pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2011-01">2011-01</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">1422-2213</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">1422-2213</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adusei</term>
<term>Affordable medicines</term>
<term>Aids epidemic</term>
<term>American journal</term>
<term>Antiretroviral</term>
<term>Antiretroviral drugs</term>
<term>Antiretroviral medicines</term>
<term>Antiretroviral regimen</term>
<term>April</term>
<term>August</term>
<term>Blackwell</term>
<term>Blackwell publishing</term>
<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Cheap drugs</term>
<term>Cheaper versions</term>
<term>Collaborative initiatives</term>
<term>Competition bureau</term>
<term>Compulsory licences</term>
<term>Compulsory licensing</term>
<term>Compulsory licensing mechanisms</term>
<term>Development costs</term>
<term>Development policy</term>
<term>Diverse patent</term>
<term>Doha</term>
<term>Doha declaration</term>
<term>Domestic jurisdictions</term>
<term>Drug companies</term>
<term>Drug patents</term>
<term>Drug pricing</term>
<term>Dutch customs</term>
<term>Essential medicines</term>
<term>European union</term>
<term>Excessive pricing</term>
<term>Exibilities</term>
<term>Extreme urgency</term>
<term>Free trade agreements</term>
<term>Generic</term>
<term>Generic manufacturers</term>
<term>Generic medicines</term>
<term>Generic production</term>
<term>Global fund</term>
<term>Health care</term>
<term>Healthcare</term>
<term>Healthcare services</term>
<term>Healthcare systems</term>
<term>High cost</term>
<term>High prices</term>
<term>High standards</term>
<term>Hoen</term>
<term>Human rights</term>
<term>Human survival</term>
<term>Imminent collapse</term>
<term>Indian patent</term>
<term>Infection rate</term>
<term>Institutional frameworks</term>
<term>Intellectual property</term>
<term>Intellectual property protection</term>
<term>Intellectual property rights</term>
<term>International development</term>
<term>International expert group</term>
<term>International federation</term>
<term>International obligations</term>
<term>International patent</term>
<term>International patent regime</term>
<term>Ldcs</term>
<term>Legal suits</term>
<term>Licence</term>
<term>Local production</term>
<term>Manufacturing capacity</term>
<term>Medicine</term>
<term>Member state</term>
<term>Member states</term>
<term>Minimum standards</term>
<term>Multifaceted strategy</term>
<term>Myriad genetics</term>
<term>Nancing mechanisms</term>
<term>National emergency</term>
<term>Nations programme</term>
<term>Negotiation</term>
<term>Online</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other words</term>
<term>Outterson</term>
<term>Parallel imports</term>
<term>Patent</term>
<term>Patent holder</term>
<term>Patent infringement</term>
<term>Patent pool</term>
<term>Patent protection</term>
<term>Patent regime</term>
<term>Patent regulation</term>
<term>Patent rights</term>
<term>Patent rules</term>
<term>Patent system</term>
<term>Patent systems</term>
<term>Permanent amendment</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical companies</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical industry</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical manufacturers</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patent holders</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patent rights</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patents</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical products</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical research</term>
<term>Poku</term>
<term>Poku adusei</term>
<term>Policy makers</term>
<term>Practical steps</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Regulatory frameworks</term>
<term>Regulatory mechanisms</term>
<term>Respective countries</term>
<term>Right holders</term>
<term>Saharan region</term>
<term>States government accountability</term>
<term>Such country</term>
<term>Such initiatives</term>
<term>Third parties</term>
<term>Trips agreement</term>
<term>Trips council</term>
<term>Trips exclusion</term>
<term>Trips flexibilities</term>
<term>Voluntary licences</term>
<term>World health organization</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adusei</term>
<term>Affordable medicines</term>
<term>Aids epidemic</term>
<term>American journal</term>
<term>Antiretroviral</term>
<term>Antiretroviral drugs</term>
<term>Antiretroviral medicines</term>
<term>Antiretroviral regimen</term>
<term>April</term>
<term>August</term>
<term>Blackwell</term>
<term>Blackwell publishing</term>
<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Cheap drugs</term>
<term>Cheaper versions</term>
<term>Collaborative initiatives</term>
<term>Competition bureau</term>
<term>Compulsory licences</term>
<term>Compulsory licensing</term>
<term>Compulsory licensing mechanisms</term>
<term>Development costs</term>
<term>Development policy</term>
<term>Diverse patent</term>
<term>Doha</term>
<term>Doha declaration</term>
<term>Domestic jurisdictions</term>
<term>Drug companies</term>
<term>Drug patents</term>
<term>Drug pricing</term>
<term>Dutch customs</term>
<term>Essential medicines</term>
<term>European union</term>
<term>Excessive pricing</term>
<term>Exibilities</term>
<term>Extreme urgency</term>
<term>Free trade agreements</term>
<term>Generic</term>
<term>Generic manufacturers</term>
<term>Generic medicines</term>
<term>Generic production</term>
<term>Global fund</term>
<term>Health care</term>
<term>Healthcare</term>
<term>Healthcare services</term>
<term>Healthcare systems</term>
<term>High cost</term>
<term>High prices</term>
<term>High standards</term>
<term>Hoen</term>
<term>Human rights</term>
<term>Human survival</term>
<term>Imminent collapse</term>
<term>Indian patent</term>
<term>Infection rate</term>
<term>Institutional frameworks</term>
<term>Intellectual property</term>
<term>Intellectual property protection</term>
<term>Intellectual property rights</term>
<term>International development</term>
<term>International expert group</term>
<term>International federation</term>
<term>International obligations</term>
<term>International patent</term>
<term>International patent regime</term>
<term>Ldcs</term>
<term>Legal suits</term>
<term>Licence</term>
<term>Local production</term>
<term>Manufacturing capacity</term>
<term>Medicine</term>
<term>Member state</term>
<term>Member states</term>
<term>Minimum standards</term>
<term>Multifaceted strategy</term>
<term>Myriad genetics</term>
<term>Nancing mechanisms</term>
<term>National emergency</term>
<term>Nations programme</term>
<term>Negotiation</term>
<term>Online</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other words</term>
<term>Outterson</term>
<term>Parallel imports</term>
<term>Patent</term>
<term>Patent holder</term>
<term>Patent infringement</term>
<term>Patent pool</term>
<term>Patent protection</term>
<term>Patent regime</term>
<term>Patent regulation</term>
<term>Patent rights</term>
<term>Patent rules</term>
<term>Patent system</term>
<term>Patent systems</term>
<term>Permanent amendment</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical companies</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical industry</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical manufacturers</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patent holders</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patent rights</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical patents</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical products</term>
<term>Pharmaceutical research</term>
<term>Poku</term>
<term>Poku adusei</term>
<term>Policy makers</term>
<term>Practical steps</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Regulatory frameworks</term>
<term>Regulatory mechanisms</term>
<term>Respective countries</term>
<term>Right holders</term>
<term>Saharan region</term>
<term>States government accountability</term>
<term>Such country</term>
<term>Such initiatives</term>
<term>Third parties</term>
<term>Trips agreement</term>
<term>Trips council</term>
<term>Trips exclusion</term>
<term>Trips flexibilities</term>
<term>Voluntary licences</term>
<term>World health organization</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Politique de développement</term>
<term>Soins de santé</term>
<term>Droits de l'homme</term>
<term>Propriété intellectuelle</term>
<term>Médecine</term>
<term>Brevet</term>
<term>Industrie pharmaceutique</term>
<term>Santé publique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The HIV/AIDS pandemic has reached a crescendo in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA or Saharan region). This disease threatens to exterminate the human race in the Saharan region. The situation is further exacerbated by high prices of brand name antiretroviral medicines due to the prevailing international patent regime. And, attempts to promote the manufacture and import of generic versions of antiretroviral drugs are sometimes met with stiff resistance from pharmaceutical companies who own the patents. This article, therefore, seeks to examine the subject of patent regulation of antiretroviral drugs in the light of the threat posed by HIV/AIDS in SSA. It urges the exploitation of diverse patent regulatory mechanisms to promote access to antiretroviral drugs in the region worst hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Exploiting patent regulatory flexibilities implies the use of: negotiations, compulsory licensing mechanisms, public‐private partnerships, collaborative initiatives among regional economic blocs, increased drug‐pricing competition, and a rejection of TRIPS‐Plus obligations, among others, to procure relatively cheaper versions of antiretroviral medicines for persons infected with the virus. This will enable policy makers in the Sub‐Saharan region to respond more effectively to expand the capacities of HIV/AIDS‐affected persons and make them more productive. It will further save the healthcare systems in SSA from imminent collapse.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Ghana</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Région du Grand Accra</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Accra</li>
<li>Legon (Ghana)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université du Ghana</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Ghana">
<region name="Région du Grand Accra">
<name sortKey="Adusei, Poku" sort="Adusei, Poku" uniqKey="Adusei P" first="Poku" last="Adusei">Poku Adusei</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/SidaGhanaV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000880 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000880 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    SidaGhanaV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:4D78D243BEA119E4E3368742674172C6D0948FAF
   |texte=   Exploiting Patent Regulatory “Flexibilities” to Promote Access to Antiretroviral Medicines in Sub‐Saharan Africa
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Tue Nov 7 18:07:38 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 5 15:01:57 2024